The Kyoga Basin is home to nomadic pastoralists whose livelihoods are increasingly threatened by violent cattle raiding and the adverse effects of climate change, including droughts and flooding. Additionally, the region faces challenges such as fragmented markets, chronic underinvestment in public services, and a lack of private sector investment. The FTF WFSA is aligned with several strategic objectives of the U.S. Government, including the Global Water Strategy and the Agency Climate Strategy.

Key objectives of the FTF WFSA include improving water supply and integrated water resource management, increasing access to sanitation and hygiene services, enhancing agriculture-based livelihoods, promoting the consumption of nutritious foods among women and children, and expanding access to financial resources for marginalized groups. By employing a comprehensive approach that incorporates conflict sensitivity and local leadership, the initiative aims to build resilience in vulnerable communities.